Classical View On Corporate Social Responsibilities Business Essay

Classical View On Corporate Social Responsibilities Business Essay The perceptivity of sustainability is both in the sense of achieving long-term success and as survivability of a corporation (Zink, Steimle Fischer 2008,). Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn (2003) conceive corporations as channels of social purpose, constructed within society to attain useful social objectives. Henceforth, corporate social responsibility commits a significant role towards the sustainability of corporations. Both corporate social responsibilities and sustainability, and its related concepts influence all aspects of business. Chandler and Werther (2010) acknowledge the understanding of corporate social responsibilities as an aim to define the future of our society. However, the apprehension of corporate social responsibility determines the corporate governances. As the question arises, does practicing stakeholder management aid corporations to be more sustainable? In this essay, classical and contemporary view of corporate social responsibilities will be put into discussion before coming to a conclusion. In addition, theoretical frameworks and real world corporate cases will be reason about in the respective governances. Classical View on Corporate Social Responsibilities The only social responsibility of business is to maximise profits Friedmans frequent saying. In reference to Friedmans classical view, the purposes for business to exist are for distributing products and services to society, and thereafter, for creating economic value which subsequently generate profits for shareholders. Keinert (2008) trusts that the mangers are in control to maximise these revenue for shareholders, obligate by the employment contract as an agents for the shareholders of the firm, the principals. It is also emphasised by Zu (2008) that for classical management corporation has no interest in looking beyond profit maximization, with the exception of profit benefit activity. In another words, the primary goal of business is profit, while corporate social responsibilities and ethical custom deem secondary. Nestle, Walmart, FordMotor, and Microsoft, sadly, are one of those big companies who practice this. Walmart Walmart, one of the biggest and well-known companies worldwide, has a record of relentless violated the right of its US workers and exploited the weak US labour laws thwarts union formation, child slave labour and even broken the environmental laws. Funds were invested to prevent employees from protesting their right due to the reduction of insignificant take-home pay and working overtime for zero pay. Employees and managers were brainwashed to oppose union from the moment they were employed. Surveillance, rapid response team and undercover spy were funded to monitor any union formation. [Appendix 1] Suppliers of Walmart were pushed to neck up on their wholesale prices. Child slave labour was happening in its manufacturing facilities abroad. [Appendix 2] The environment friendly campaigns involved were all a fraud. [Appendix 3] In 2008, Walwart admitted as much but provided limited responses however continued its public relation effort. Agency Theory With the underlying of agency theory, principal-agent framework is popularly used in many corporations including Walmart. The principal usually offers incentives to the agent to stimulate them to act upon principals best interest. The practice of agency theory is constructive as many big companies have successfully climbed up the rank worldwide. The problem with principal-agent framework is that agent sometimes practice discretion to maximize their own advantage rather than of the principal. However, usually, agency cost motivates the agent upon acting on behalf for the principal such as monitoring costs, bonding cost and residual loss. With Walmarts bonding contracts, most employees were in dilemma. In Friedman argument, he claims that owners may establish objectives apart from profit maximization; one example would be taking away money from its stockholders, employees or even customers. (Crane et al 2008) Despite over three hundreds billion in revenue and over ten billion in profits in 2007, Walmart with the conception to provide the best for consumers, dismissed the ethical customs towards its employees and stockholders. On top of that, in order to build its reputation, environmental concerns claimed were put aside. Though, Walmart is now sustainable and has picked up itself since then, consumers are still very concern and protesting against Walmarts corporate social responsibility. Contemporary View on Corporate Social Responsibilities The success of the corporation in corporate social responsibilities demonstrates how well it has been able to influence stakeholder concerns while executing its business model. Carroll relates corporate social responsibility into a four level pyramid economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility, where his viewpoint is a hybrid between the classical and stakeholder view on corporate social responsibilities. (Chandler Werther 2010) Abreast the economic basis of activity, corporations are enacting similarly in Friedmans theory. Moving up the pyramid, the legal responsibility is its duty to respond within the legal framework. Stakeholders would further anticipate corporations into fulfilling its ethical responsibilities. Lastly, under the philanthropic responsibility, corporations have become more proactive and enforcing strategic means that can benefit both the corporation and stakeholders. (Keinert 2008) However, with the ever outdated laws, will legal responsibility be accounted for when this happens? Or with ethical debates not written in black and white legible? Are strategic means that benefit stakeholders are done with obligation? And with knowing ethic and doing ethic does not comes together. Questions like these arise; there is no one who can answer it. Corporations, like Hitachi, who practises under Carrolls pyramid, might sometimes, deem to have hidden agenda behind the good intention. Hitachi The corporation was awarded by the non-profit Social Innovation Japan and supported by the Ministry of the Environment, also honoured with a Social Business Award. Concurrently, while in developing a tractor that could neutralises landmines and cultivates land, Cambodia was affected by the post-war. This further benefits the product. The machines were placed in affected population by mine camps to curtail critical injuries and deaths, while prepares land for their own sustainable futures. [Appendix 8] Despite being awarded, Hitachi was found below social responsibility examination standard. [Appendix 9] Stakeholder View on Corporate Social Responsibilities An effective stakeholder management present a clear synopsis of societal expectations and a concrete foundation for a distinct and legitimate corporate social responsibility approach (Louche Baeten 2006). Freeman relates stakeholders with business and stakeholders with ethics as they come together as the same thing. He emphasises on the fundamental human connection with the stakeholders, and it is a duty to take the effects of the business on stakeholders into consideration. (Stakeholders Are People 2009) Corporations are usually described as interconnected interest group, also known as ecosystem concept. UPS, Starbucks, Disney and Marks Spencer are the few sincere corporations that have strong believe and practice in corporate social responsibilities. United Parcel Service (UPS) According to CNN Money, UPS has been on Fortunes Most Admired list of top ten socially responsible firms for three consecutive years. (Gunther 2006) Beside heavily involve in global economy, with great corporate social responsibilities, UPS has been awarded with plenty of commitments towards its people and the environment as well. [Appendix 4] Many employees settle in UPS for more than 30 years regardless of their position as a driver or in the office. Many of them are immigrants and the poor, and some join after high school or college. Employees are provided with good pay, health-care benefits, tuition assistance, stock purchase plan, a chance to advance and a share sense of purpose. Above all, the most recent, UPS supported numerals organizations towards humanitarian relief and road safety initiatives by awarding grants from The UPS Foundation. [Appendix 5] Beside, in UPS, employees are encouraged to volunteer and make a difference in their communities. [Appendix 6] At the same time, UPS was awarded being the first in its industry with Leadership in Energy and Environmental Designs Gold Status and Energy Star Certification. [Appendix 7] UPS has shown a consistent stakeholder practice towards corporate social responsibilities. Stakeholder Theory With underlying of stakeholder theory, it can accumulate future development of corporate social responsibility by determining and integrating financial and social concerns. In Freemans view, the intention will be better served and satisfied if corporations were to think about stakeholders. Given the interrelationship with its stakeholders, UPS has shown great ability in responding effectively toward the stakeholders. (Freeman et al 2010) With UPS case, we can see that UPS has successfully sustained itself with the management of stakeholders. Utilitarian believes stakeholder management leads to the best consequences as it acknowledges stakeholders interests. However, Banerjee (2007) doubts the capability of stakeholder management due to its one-dimension and emphasising on utilitarian power withal ignoring the mechanisms that form and transform economic and social domains. In Kantianism argument, considering of stakeholder and using of the individuals within the stakeholder are two different things. In another words, to use stakeholders to increase shareholder revenue would be ethically wrong. (Cooper 2004) In Kantianism term, questions arise, such as are the employees volunteering their hours willing or are they obligated to do so? In the debates about corporate social responsibility, Justice Ethic believes ethical responsibilities are not defined by the efforts of the righteousness in economic and legal terms, but in the pursuit of voluntary measurements of individual character. (Rendtorff 2009) In other words, the business virtues of UPS, are they formed to create stakeholder values? Strategic Sustainability While there is increasing agreement that businesses need to embrace sustainability, research in the theories above, stakeholder management has proven to be more sustainable in the global economic landscape. Freeman believes each of the stakeholders has a right not to be accounted for compromising end, and hence stakeholder participation is essential in order to determine the future direction of corporation. As each category group places a major part in each other in term of harms and benefits as well as rights and duties. In return for labour, employees are given job security, wages, medical benefits, and meaningful work. By addressing toward consumers needs and satisfactions, corporate governance immediately satisfies the need of suppliers and shareholders. Usually the ethical of excellent consumer services and products carry over to the community resulting in good reputation. Stakeholder theory above proves to be a useful tool to assist a broad range of corporations to develop their sustainability portfolio and consistently create sustainability value in a long run. Conclusion Corporations exist in a sustainable model that enable people to effectively practice their expertise and create jobs, economic value and wealth for the society and the corporation. With globalisation, corporate governance can have a huge impact on the society. Examples of Walmart and Hitachi showing their irresponsible ways of governance, with agency theory and stewardship theory lead to a bad reputation. Corporations are urging to reposition themselves towards a sustainable value portfolio and making stakeholder theory seems to be the most effective instrument to ensure strategic sustainability. Pursuing the expanding frontier of corporate governance as social responsibility, with the effectiveness of stakeholder management within corporate governance, it may generate a more equitable global business environment.

Disadvantages of Foreign Workers in Malaysia

TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN COLLEGE AHEL2043 ENGLISH FOR COMMUNICATION GROUP DISCUSSION TITLE: Malaysia has too many foreign workers INTRODUCTION Malaysia has long prided itself as a model of ethnic harmony. There are about 21 million (July 1997) people in Malaysia from diverse races. It can be said that in diversity there is unity because in Malaysia all the races work and live together. The Immigrants to Malaysia are attracted by the low unemployment rates, as well, particularly those from Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. There are 1. 8–2 million legally registered foreign worker in Malaysia and also with another million of unregistered. So our presentation will discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of employed too many foreign workers in Malaysia. Introduction of group members * Alson Ooi Jia Hong * Paul Oon Yu Ming * Tan Chun Khin * Nya Hong Xun BODY Advantages I. Helping in house work * Double income family does not have time to do house work. II. Low cost labour * Can cut down the cost of hiring labour * Can hire more labour with same amount of capital III. Able to work in long hours * Able to bear a long time work with no complaints. * Willing to work more hours to earn more moneys for their family. IV. Can find workforce easily * Some of the Malaysian despise on some work sush as cleaner * No matter what work it is, foreign workers are willing to work as long as it can earn money. Disadvantages I. The population keeps increasing * Number of foreign labour is increasing everyday specific from India , Pakistan , and Bangladesh II. The level of unemployment become higher * The foreign workers are taking away job from local. III. Foreign workers were bringing with them some of infections * Disease which lead to the spread between people , such as AIDs and Influenza IV. Transfer many habits and bad ideas * Bring and make many problem in our country Vforeign workers pose a threat to our country security. * Pakistan workers constitute a serious security risk through the sale of drug for people to state that he planted some types of drugs and export to our country. Also some foreign labours tend to steal rich people. CONCLUSION Employ foreign workers is already ordinary in Malaysia. Take in appropriate amount of foreign workers will really give some advantages to our country, but when there are too many of foreign workers in our country, it will also bring a lot of problem to us. So, the government should play an important role by control the amount of the foreign workers that take into our country to ensure our country always in a safe and peaceful condition.

The History of Essay Samples for General Ielts Refuted

The History of Essay Samples for General Ielts Refuted The Essay Samples for General Ielts Pitfall There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You must be careful with this essay as although you've got to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the problem, there's a second part to the question which is not about this. You will be shown a situation and you'll need to compose your letter explaining the circumstance or asking for information. There are difference contexts that may be used within the exact subject so that you must make certain that you will be clear in regards to identifying the section of the topic that you're likely to chat about. Essay Samples for General Ielts Secrets The opening paragraph has all of the key details about the graph but itparaphrasesthe question. 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Always bear in mind your academic essay needs to be playful it must not bore your audience. A well-structured essay has a fantastic introduction, body paragraphs that are simple to follow and connect together, and a great conclusion. First growth is going to be financed by a mixture of equity investment and debt financing. In conclusion, though there are some negative sides to having a single international language, it brings many benefits like the development of global business and economy. Despite how the lipstick manufacturing line business is apparently somewhat saturated in the USA of America, there's a positive outlook for the industry especially in regards to leveraging on the changing trends in technology and beauty cum fashion. CONCLUSION In conclusion, distributing information absolutely free of charge can help in some specific facets but can also be damaging to society. Individuals need to be careful to underestimate the worth and power of knowledge. 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Correctional Rehabilitation Programs Of California Essay

Correctional Rehabilitation Programs of California Rehabilitation programs that are available in prisons are a vital key to reforming at least eight out of ten inmates back to a productive, healthy citizen and leader. For this very reason the law AB 900 was passed in 2007 and just to give you a brief summary of the bill it discussed the establishment of pilot programs to be developed by the Department of Corrections for counseling and substance abuse that will assist inmates with their successful reintegration process back into the community. The bill require the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to implement programs and rewards that increases inmate participation and completion of those programs such vocational and education that is consistent with that inmate’s needs. The AB 900 bill will also require the department to expand all substance abuse programs in the prisons so as to accommodate thousands of inmates with the history of substance abuse such as drugs and alcohol. â€Å"This bill would require the department to conduct assessments of all inmates that include, but are not limited to, data regarding the inmate’s history of substance abuse, medical and mental health, education, family background, criminal activity, and social functioning which shall be used to place inmates in programs that will aid in their reentry to society and that will most likely reduce the inmate’s chances of reoffending.† (California State Association of Counties). One of theShow MoreRelatedPrison Corrections1450 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to working in a correctional facility, Samuel Cowey states, â€Å"I firmly believe that you must have a good sense of humor to do this job. If you don’t it will lead to an early grave from stress† (Cowey, 2012). 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McCarthyism Weeding out Communist Threats or Saving...

What started with great potential as a revisionist look at the impacts of McCarthy’s red scare on the politics in the United States ended with a rudimentary analysis of the repercussions of a fabricated fear of communism. The article â€Å"McCarthyism: Political Repression and the Fear of Communism† denied overarching themes of the time period and focused on narrow attempts to place economic sanctions, infractions of civil rights, and national security as the reasons and outcomes of the fear of communism. While these themes are all supported with evidence, a neglect of analysis on the bigger picture leave the reader wondering if Ellen Schrecker, author of the article, is still living with the belief that over-critiquing US politics can land you in jail, tainted for life like a bruised apple. Preoccupied with the how’s of cold war repression the overarching why’s are barely brushed over let alone thoroughly discussed. Schreckers use of novice arguments as well as a lack of thorough analysis on points made proves a weak attempt to situate the impacts of political repression and communism in the United States and its actions abroad. Possible reasons for the absence of revised, more critical analysis desired in this research can be located in the biography of the author. Schrecker, born in 1938, is of the generation writing during the Cold War and after. Her research highlights her interest in writing this piece. An active member of ACLU she has also written extensively about

The Internet Piracy Free Essays

The Pirate Bay -Case Study 1. How does The Pirate Bay business make money? What is its business model? – The Pirate business makes their money by advertising using the â€Å"advertising revenue† as a business model. It’s a website works as a forum to advertise and receives fees from the advertiser. We will write a custom essay sample on The Internet Piracy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more browsers the website has, the higher rates of the websites will charge and that’s what lead them to increase their revenue. 2. How do new â€Å"cloud-based† media sites and services make money? What is their business model? * It works through subscription fees by using the â€Å"subscription revenue† as business model. By this the website provides all content or services to their users to exchange for a subscription fee. The users will pay a fee based on what kind of service they want and for how long. 3. Is the record industry justified in attempting to shut down P2P file-sharing sites that make it possible to download copyrighted media? Why or why not? * Yes it is, since there are millions of dollars spent by record labels to produce albums and not to include the artist’s time and effort into creating music’s and movies for the audience. In my opinion, CD’s, DVD’s can be bit pricy during such difficult economic times, but it will not give people the right to steal. 4. Why might consumers prefer to pay for music from cloud-based sites rather than simply download music from P2P sites? * Because, they get benefits if having instant access of high quality track and videos without the hassle of P2P software download. The consumers don’t have to wait for hours for downloads or clutter their hard drives with file. How to cite The Internet Piracy, Essay examples

A Scourge of the Present Noncommunicable Diseases

Question: Describe about the Non-communicable diseases. Answer: Introduction Non-communicable (NCD) diseases are the chronic disease that lasts for a longer period and progress slowly. The purpose of this paper is to identify one such disease and describe various factors which are determinant for this disease. It will determine how these determinants react with each other for the prevalence of the condition in the particular area. It will relate the implications of these findings on a research project and how the project will be carried out. NCD are a non-infectious disease in which rapid death occurs. Some of the examples of NCDs are cancer, diabetes, kidney disease and others. It has been the leading cause of death worldwide. This paper will particularly discuss the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus worldwide. It is a long-term metabolic disorder in which blood sugar rises and impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells (Chen et al., 2012). It occurs mainly due to obesity and lack of physical activity. 90% of diabetes is Type II, and only 10 % diabetes case comprises Diabetes Mellitus Type I (Goren et al., 2016). In the year 2000 the prevalence of diabetes in all age and sex was 2.8%, but now it is predicted that by 2030 it will rise to 4.4%. The number of people with diabetes will rise from 2.8% in 2000 to 4.4% in 2030 (Lozano et al., 2013). Determinants of NCD The pattern of the disease differs from people to people. It is six times more common in South Asians and three times among African origin people. The socioeconomic determinants of the disease suggest that social disadvantage leads to the development of diabetes. It is proved by the prevalence of illness in low developed countries (Maier et al., 2013). This happens due to inequitable access to effective treatment and economic conditions leading to unhealthy choices. Poor people are also exposed to harmful products like tobacco and unhealthy food and limited access to health care service (Tabk et al., 2012). For example morbidity from diabetes is three times higher in poor people than in wealthy citizens in UK. Culture is also a factor as different culture has different eating habits. Eating a lot of carbohydrates and saturated fat increase weight and creates the risk of developing diabetes (Riekert et al., 2013). Physical activity is essential to reduce the chance of Type II diabetes . An overweight person having BMI of more than 25kg/m2 will have 60-80% more chance of developing the disease. The risk is determined by the age of onset, rate, and duration of weight gain (Herouvi et al., 2013). An Older person is at greater risk of the disease, but now it is prevalent in all age groups ranging from children to adult. The risk of Type 2 diabetes is also related to genetic factors like genetic heterogeneity, gene interaction and the role played by the environment. It also occurs due to family history of the disease in individuals. The complete sequence of human genome helps in evaluating genetic basis of the disease (Tuomi et al., 2014). Prevalence of diabetes in Europe This section will describe the prevalence of Type II diabetes in Europe. Europe has about 60 million people living with the disease. 10.3% men and 9.6 % women above the age of 25 years has the disease. The incidence of diabetes case is increasing in European region due to unhealthy diet and increase in overweight population. About 3.4 million people die from the disease every year. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of death will double between 2002 to 2030 (Tamayo et al., 2014). For example, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus in children was determined by geographically-defined cases diagnosed in the child below 15 years (Patterson et al., 2012). Age is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Europe has a large number of the ageing population thus leading increase in diabetes cases. Europe has a number of people over 65 year's age, and so the co-morbidities have grown in the region (Guariguata et al., 2014). The ethnic difference also played a rol e in the prevalence of the disease. People lifestyle choices are influenced by socio-cultural and economic conditions. Globalization and urbanization also had an impact on Europe. Cheap fast food high in fat, salts and calories are highly available in European countries, and more people consumes this type of food leading to obesity. Obesity ultimately has the risk of causing the disease (Basch et al., 2013). High saturated fat intake was seen in Austria and Belgium. Urbanization increased option for different transport and reduced people's daily physical activities. All these factors promoted sedentary lifestyle and increase of morbidity of diabetes in Europe. More case was also seen due to health inequalities because of social deprivation due to poverty. This propelled the burden of the disease (Patterson et al., 2012). Implications in research project My research project is on the influence of teacher quality particularly on teacher dialectal influence on reading skills. It is about the impact of teachers cultural and language diversity on literacy skills in early years. The research is on the population of Kenya which has a culturally and linguistically diverse environment. The implication of the above information on this research is that the teacher could use their linguistic skills to spread the awareness of the disease in that region (Smith-Morris Epstein, 2014) Incidence of diabetes is growing thorough out the world. If teachers effectively communicate the ways to prevent the disease among children with cultural and linguistic background, then development of the disease in future may reduce. This learning in the early stage of children development will help them to understand the importance of their health and keep them healthy. Nowadays children are more are more addicted to electronic gadgets and social media. Thus the phy sical activity of children is reducing. They are not taking part in physical activity like the way they used to do earlier. So teacher could help in promoting maximum physical activity in children in schools. This will make them physically more active and healthy too. There can be awareness class on healthy eating habits and avoiding junk foods. The study of high prevalence rate in Europe showed that various social lifestyle factors contribute to the disease. The teacher could explain this incidence to children so that they maximize their physical activity. The more active they are in life, lesser is the chance of weight gain or obesity. As obesity is a major factor for the disease, so increased physical activity will help them in maintaining weight (Fellinger Holzinger, 2014).The study leads me to conclude that more people are getting the disease because the world population is shifting towards elder people and lifestyle expectancy is increasing. So if there awareness is started b y educating children early in their life, the increased number of incidence of diabetes could be reduced. Conclusion From the whole study, it can be summaries that non-communication disease is on the rise. This study about diabetes briefly describes the factors that were the determinants of type II diabetes. It gave data on the incidence of diabetes worldwide and specifically in Europe. It also analyzed the how the determinant factors of diabetes lead to the prevalence of the disease in Europe. 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